SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Handheld game console</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Handheld game console</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the early form of handheld video game system, see <a href="Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">Handheld electronic game</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">List of handheld game consoles</a></div>

</p>

<p>A <b>handheld game console</b>, or simply <b>handheld console</b>, is a small, portable self-contained <a href="Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game console</a> with a built-in screen, game controls and speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Handheld game consoles are smaller than <a href="Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">home video game consoles</a> and contain the console, screen, speakers, and controls in one unit, allowing players to carry them and play them at any time or place.<sup id="cite_ref-li_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-li-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nintendo_popular_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nintendo_popular-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1976, <a href="Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> introduced the first <a href="Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">handheld electronic game</a> with the release of <i><a href="Mattel_Auto_Race" title="Mattel Auto Race">Auto Race</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gamasutra_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamasutra-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, several companies—including <a href="Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a> and <a href="Milton_Bradley_Company" title="Milton Bradley Company">Milton Bradley</a>—made their own single-game, lightweight table-top or handheld electronic game devices.<sup id="cite_ref-competitors_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-competitors-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first commercially successful handheld console was <a href="Merlin_(console)" title="Merlin (console)">Merlin</a> from 1978, which sold more than 5 million units.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first handheld game console with interchangeable <a href="ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">cartridges</a> is the Milton Bradley <a href="Microvision" title="Microvision">Microvision</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-Microvision_ONM_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Microvision_ONM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> is credited with popularizing the handheld console concept with the release of the <a href="Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a> in 1989<sup id="cite_ref-nintendo_popular_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nintendo_popular-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continues to dominate the handheld console market.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>-enabled handheld console and the first with a <a href="Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> was the <a href="Game.com" title="Game.com">Game.com</a> released by <a href="Tiger_Electronics" title="Tiger Electronics">Tiger Electronics</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a>, released in 2004, introduced touchscreen controls and <a href="Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a> <a href="Online_game" title="Online game">online gaming</a> to a wider audience, becoming the <a href="List_of_best-selling_game_consoles" title="List of best-selling game consoles">best-selling handheld console</a> with over <span class="nowrap">150 million</span> units sold worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of all handheld video game consoles, see <a href="List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">List of handheld game consoles</a>.</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3></div>

<p>This table describes handheld games consoles by generation, with over 1 million sales. No handheld achieved this prior to the fourth generation of game consoles. This list does not include <a href="Dedicated_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Dedicated consoles">dedicated consoles</a>, such as <a href="Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">LCD games</a> and the <a href="Tamagotchi" title="Tamagotchi">Tamagotchi</a>.

</p>

<th rowspan="2" scope="col">Manufacturer

</th>

<th colspan="9" scope="col">Generation

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="col"><a href="Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth</a>

</th>

<th scope="col"><a href="Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth</a>

</th>

<th scope="col"><a href="Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth</a>

</th>

<th scope="col"><a href="Seventh_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Seventh generation of video game consoles">Seventh</a>

</th>

<th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">Eighth</a>

</th>

<th scope="col"><a href="Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Ninth generation of video game consoles">Ninth</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Atari_Corporation" title="Atari Corporation">Atari</a>

</th>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Atari_Lynx" title="Atari Lynx">Atari Lynx</a> (+II) <br><small>(≈3 million)</small>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a>

</th>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="WonderSwan" title="WonderSwan">WonderSwan</a> <br><small>(1.55 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="WonderSwan_Color" class="mw-redirect" title="WonderSwan Color">WonderSwan Color</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br><small>(1.95 million)</small>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="TurboExpress" title="TurboExpress">TurboExpress</a> <br><small>(1.5 million)</small>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>

</th>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br><small>(>64.4 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a> <br><small>(<49.3 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br><small>(81.5 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">DS</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><small>(154 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">3DS</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br><small>(76 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Switch</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><small>(152.12 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Nintendo_Switch_2" title="Nintendo Switch 2">Switch 2</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>

</th>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="N-Gage_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Gage (device)">N-Gage</a> (+QD) <br><small>(3 million)</small>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Game_Gear" title="Game Gear">Game Gear</a> <br><small>(10.6 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Genesis_Nomad" title="Genesis Nomad">Nomad</a> <br><small>(≈1 million)</small>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Neo_Geo_Pocket" title="Neo Geo Pocket">Neo Geo Pocket</a> <br><small>(<2 million<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo Geo Pocket Color">Neo Geo Pocket Color</a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8"><a href="PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><small>(81.09 million)</small>

</td>

<td bgcolor="#F8F8F8" colspan="2"><a href="PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a> <br><small>(16.21 million)</small>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a>

</th>

</td>

<td><a href="Steam_Deck" title="Steam Deck">Steam Deck</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(3.7 million)</span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">Handheld electronic game</a></div>

<p>The origins of handheld game consoles are found in handheld and tabletop electronic game devices of the 1970s and early 1980s. These electronic devices are capable of playing only a single game,<sup id="cite_ref-nintendo_popular_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nintendo_popular-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they fit in the palm of the hand or on a tabletop, and they may make use of a variety of video displays such as <a href="Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LED</a>, <a href="Vacuum_fluorescent_display" title="Vacuum fluorescent display">VFD</a>, or <a href="Liquid_crystal_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display">LCD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-electronic_handheld_definition_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electronic_handheld_definition-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, handheld electronic games were described by <i><a href="Popular_Electronics" title="Popular Electronics">Popular Electronics</a></i> magazine as "nonvideo electronic games" and "non-TV games" as distinct from devices that required use of a television screen.<sup id="cite_ref-nonvideogame_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nonvideogame-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Handheld electronic games, in turn, find their origins in the synthesis of previous handheld and tabletop <a href="Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">electro-mechanical</a> devices such as <a href="Waco_(toymaker)" title="Waco (toymaker)">Waco</a>'s <i>Electronic Tic-Tac-Toe</i> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-electronic_handheld_definition_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electronic_handheld_definition-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cragstan's <i>Periscope-Firing Range</i> (1951),<sup id="cite_ref-handheldmuseum_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handheldmuseum-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the emerging <a href="Optoelectronics" title="Optoelectronics">optoelectronic</a>-display-driven calculator market of the early 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-LED_Calculators_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LED_Calculators-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_Interview_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen_Interview-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This synthesis happened in 1976, when "Mattel began work on a line of calculator-sized sports games that became the world's first handheld electronic games. The project began when Michael Katz, Mattel's new product category marketing director, told the engineers in the electronics group to design a game the size of a calculator, using LED (light-emitting diode) technology."<sup id="cite_ref-ultimate_history_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimate_history-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<dl><dd><dl><dd>our big success was something that I conceptualized—the first handheld game. I asked the design group to see if they could come up with a game that was electronic that was the same size as a calculator.

<dl><dd>—Michael Katz, former marketing director, Mattel Toys.<sup id="cite_ref-ultimate_history_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimate_history-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<p>The result was the 1976 release of <i>Auto Race</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1up_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1up-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Followed by <i>Football</i> later in 1977,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the two games were so successful that according to Katz, "these simple electronic handheld games turned into a '$400 million category.'"<sup id="cite_ref-electronic_handheld_definition_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electronic_handheld_definition-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mattel would later win the honor of being recognized by the industry for innovation in handheld game device displays.<sup id="cite_ref-Technology_&_Engineering_Emmy_Awards_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Technology_&_Engineering_Emmy_Awards-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon, other manufacturers including <a href="Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a>, <a href="Parker_Brothers" title="Parker Brothers">Parker Brothers</a>, <a href="Milton_Bradley_Company" title="Milton Bradley Company">Milton Bradley</a>, <a href="Entex_Industries" title="Entex Industries">Entex</a>, and <a href="Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a><sup id="cite_ref-competitors_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-competitors-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began following up with their own tabletop and handheld electronic games.

</p><p>In 1979 the LCD-based <a href="Microvision" title="Microvision">Microvision</a>, designed by Smith Engineering and distributed by Milton-Bradley,<sup id="cite_ref-phoenix_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoenix-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became the first handheld game console and the first to use interchangeable game cartridges.<sup id="cite_ref-Microvision_ONM_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Microvision_ONM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Microvision game <i>Cosmic Hunter</i> (1981) also introduced the concept of a <a href="D-pad" title="D-pad">directional pad</a> on handheld gaming devices,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is operated by using the thumb to manipulate the on-screen character in any of four directions.<sup id="cite_ref-handheldmuseum2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handheldmuseum2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1979, <a href="Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a>, traveling on a <a href="Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">bullet train</a>, saw a bored businessman playing with an <a href="LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> <a href="Calculator" title="Calculator">calculator</a> by pressing the buttons. Yokoi then thought of an idea for a watch that doubled as a miniature game machine for killing time.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 1980, <a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> began to release a series of electronic games designed by Yokoi called the <a href="Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Game & Watch</a> games.<sup id="cite_ref-game_and_watch_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-game_and_watch-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taking advantage of the technology used in the credit-card-sized calculators that had appeared on the market, Yokoi designed the series of LCD-based games to include a digital time display in the corner of the screen.<sup id="cite_ref-game_over_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-game_over-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For later, more complicated Game & Watch games, Yokoi invented a cross shaped directional pad or "D-pad" for control of on-screen characters.<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yokoi also included his directional pad on the <a href="Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">NES</a> controllers, and the cross-shaped thumb controller soon became standard on game console controllers and ubiquitous across the video game industry since.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Yokoi began designing Nintendo's first handheld game console, he came up with a device that married the elements of his Game & Watch devices and the Famicom console,<sup id="cite_ref-game_over2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-game_over2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including both items' D-pad controller. The result was the Nintendo Game Boy.

</p><p>In 1982, the <a href="Bandai_LCD_Solarpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandai LCD Solarpower">Bandai LCD Solarpower</a> was the first <a href="Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar-powered</a> gaming device. Some of its games, such as the <a href="Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">horror</a>-themed game <i>Terror House</i>, features two <a href="LCD_panel" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD panel">LCD panels</a>, one stacked on the other, for an early <a href="Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">3D effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, <a href="Takara_Tomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Takara Tomy">Takara Tomy</a>'s <a href="Tomytronic_3D" title="Tomytronic 3D">Tomytronic 3D</a> simulates <a href="3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D</a> by having two <a href="LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> panels that were lit by external light through a window on top of the device, making it the first dedicated home video 3D hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h3></div>

<p>The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the beginnings of the modern-day handheld game console industry, after the demise of the Microvision. As <a href="Backlit" class="mw-redirect" title="Backlit">backlit</a> LCD game consoles with color graphics consume a lot of power, they were not battery-friendly like the non-backlit original Game Boy whose monochrome graphics allowed longer battery life. By this point, <a href="Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">rechargeable battery</a> technology had not yet matured and so the more advanced game consoles of the time such as the <a href="Sega_Game_Gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Sega Game Gear">Sega Game Gear</a> and <a href="Atari_Lynx" title="Atari Lynx">Atari Lynx</a> did not have nearly as much success as the Game Boy.

</p><p>Even though third-party rechargeable batteries were available for the battery-hungry alternatives to the Game Boy, these batteries employed a <a href="Nickel-cadmium_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel-cadmium battery">nickel-cadmium</a> process and had to be completely discharged before being recharged to ensure maximum efficiency; lead-acid batteries could be used with automobile circuit limiters (cigarette lighter plug devices); but the batteries had mediocre portability. The later <a href="Nickel-metal_hydride_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel-metal hydride battery">NiMH</a> batteries, which do not share this requirement for maximum efficiency, were not released until the late 1990s, years after the Game Gear, Atari Lynx, and original Game Boy had been discontinued. During the time when technologically superior handhelds had strict technical limitations, batteries had a very low <a href="Ampere_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampere hour">mAh</a> rating since batteries with heavy power density were not yet available.

</p><p>Modern game systems such as the <a href="Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a> and <a href="PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> have rechargeable <a href="Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">Lithium-Ion</a> batteries with proprietary shapes. Other seventh-generation consoles, such as the <a href="GP2X" title="GP2X">GP2X</a>, use standard <a href="Alkaline_battery" title="Alkaline battery">alkaline batteries</a>. Because the mAh rating of alkaline batteries has increased since the 1990s, the power needed for handhelds like the GP2X may be supplied by relatively few batteries.

</p>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a></div>

<p><a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> released the Game Boy on April 21, 1989 (September 1990 for the UK). The design team headed by <a href="Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a> had also been responsible for the <a href="Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Game & Watch</a> system, as well as the <a href="Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> games <i><a href="Metroid" title="Metroid">Metroid</a></i> and <i><a href="Kid_Icarus" title="Kid Icarus">Kid Icarus</a></i>. The Game Boy came under scrutiny by Nintendo president <a href="Hiroshi_Yamauchi" title="Hiroshi Yamauchi">Hiroshi Yamauchi</a>, saying that the monochrome screen was too small, and the processing power was inadequate. The design team had felt that low initial cost and battery economy were more important concerns, and when compared to the Microvision, the Game Boy was a huge leap forward.

</p><p>

Yokoi recognized that the Game Boy needed a <a href="Killer_application" title="Killer application">killer app</a>—at least one game that would define the console, and persuade customers to buy it. In June 1988, <a href="Minoru_Arakawa" title="Minoru Arakawa">Minoru Arakawa</a>, then-CEO of Nintendo of America saw a demonstration of the game <i><a href="Tetris" title="Tetris">Tetris</a></i> at a trade show. Nintendo purchased the rights for the game, and packaged it with the Game Boy system as a <a href="Glossary_of_video_game_terms#Launch_title" title="Glossary of video game terms">launch title</a>. It was almost an immediate hit. By the end of the year more than a million units were sold in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-GBsales1989_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBsales1989-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 31, 2005, the Game Boy and <a href="Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a> combined to sell over 118 million units worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-nintendoannualreport2005_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nintendoannualreport2005-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBsales_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBsales-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atari_Lynx">Atari Lynx</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Atari_Lynx" title="Atari Lynx">Atari Lynx</a></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Atari Lynx I and II</div></div></div></div><p>

In 1987, <a href="Epyx" title="Epyx">Epyx</a> created the Handy Game; a device that would become the Atari Lynx in 1989. It was the first color handheld console ever made, as well as the first with a <a href="Backlight" title="Backlight">backlit</a> screen. It also featured networking support with up to 17 other players, and advanced hardware that allowed the zooming and scaling of sprites. The Lynx could also be turned upside down to accommodate <a href="Left-handedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-handedness">left-handed</a> players. However, all of these features came at a high price point, which drove consumers to seek cheaper alternatives. The Lynx was also unwieldy, consumed batteries quickly, and lacked the third-party support enjoyed by its competitors. Due to its high price, short battery life, production shortages, a dearth of compelling games, and Nintendo's aggressive marketing campaign, and despite a redesign in 1991, the Lynx became a <a href="List_of_commercial_failures_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="List of commercial failures in video gaming">commercial failure</a>. Despite this, companies like Telegames helped to keep the system alive long past its commercial relevance, and when new owner Hasbro released the rights to develop for the public domain, independent developers like Songbird have managed to release new commercial games for the system every year until 2004's <i>Winter Games</i>.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TurboExpress">TurboExpress</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="TurboExpress" title="TurboExpress">TurboExpress</a></div>

<p>The TurboExpress was a portable version of the TurboGrafx, released in 1990 for $249.99. Its Japanese equivalent was the <a href="TurboExpress" title="TurboExpress">PC Engine GT</a>.

</p><p>It was the most advanced handheld of its time and could play all the <a href="TurboGrafx-16" title="TurboGrafx-16">TurboGrafx-16</a>'s games (which are on a small, credit-card sized media called <a href="HuCard" title="HuCard">HuCards</a>). It had a 66 mm (2.6 in.) screen, the same as the original Game Boy, but in a much higher resolution, and could display 64 <a href="Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprites</a> at once: 16 per scanline, in 512 colors (although the hardware could only handle 481 simultaneous colors). It had 8 kilobytes of <a href="Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a>. The Turbo ran on the HuC6820 <a href="Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> at 1.79 or 7.16 <a href="Hertz" title="Hertz">MHz</a>.

</p><p>

The optional "TurboVision" TV tuner included an RCA audio/video input allowing users to use TurboExpress as a video monitor. The "TurboLink" allowed two-player play. <i>Falcon</i>, a flight simulator, included a "head-to-head" dogfight mode that could only be accessed via TurboLink. However, very few TG-16 games offered co-op play modes especially designed with the TurboExpress in mind.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bitcorp_Gamate">Bitcorp Gamate</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Gamate" title="Gamate">Gamate</a></div>

<p>The Bitcorp Gamate was one of the first handheld game systems created in response to the Nintendo Game Boy. It was released in Asia in 1990 and distributed worldwide by 1991.

</p><p>Like the Sega Game Gear, it was horizontal in orientation and like the Game Boy, required 4 AA batteries. Unlike many later Game Boy clones, its internal components were professionally assembled (no "glop-top" chips). Unfortunately the system's fatal flaw was its screen. Even by the standards of the day, its screen was rather difficult to use, suffering from similar <a href="Image_persistence" title="Image persistence">ghosting</a> problems that were common complaints with the first generation Game Boys. Likely because of this fact, sales were quite poor, and Bitcorp closed by 1992. However, new games continued to be published for the Asian market, possibly as late as 1994. The total number of games released for the system remains unknown.

</p><p>

Gamate games were designed for stereo sound, but the console was only equipped with a mono speaker. </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Game_Gear" title="Game Gear">Game Gear</a></div>

<p>The Game Gear was the third color handheld console produced by Sega, after the Lynx and the TurboExpress. Released in Japan in 1990 and in North America and Europe in 1991, it was based on the <a href="Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a>, which gave Sega the ability to quickly create Game Gear games from its large library of games for the Master System. While never reaching the level of success enjoyed by Nintendo, the Game Gear proved to be a fairly durable competitor, lasting longer than any other Game Boy rivals.

</p><p>While the Game Gear was most frequently seen in black or navy blue, it was also released in a variety of additional colors: red, light blue, yellow, violet, and transparent. All of these variations were released in small quantities and frequently only in the Asian market.

</p><p>

Following Sega's success with the Game Gear they began development on a successor during the early 1990s which was intended to feature a <a href="Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> interface, many years before the <a href="Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a>. However, such a technology was very expensive at the time, and the handheld itself was estimated to have cost around $289 were it to be released. Sega eventually chose to shelve the idea and instead release the <a href="Genesis_Nomad" title="Genesis Nomad">Genesis Nomad</a>, a handheld version of the <a href="Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Genesis</a>, as the successor.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Watara_Supervision">Watara Supervision</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Watara_Supervision" title="Watara Supervision">Watara Supervision</a></div>

<p>The Watara SuperVision was released in 1992 in an attempt to compete with the Nintendo Game Boy. The first model was designed very much like a Game Boy, but was grey in color and had a slightly larger screen. The second model was made with a hinge across the center and could be bent slightly to provide greater comfort for the user. While the system did enjoy a modest degree of success, it never impacted the sales of Nintendo or Sega. The SuperVision was redesigned a final time as "The Magnum". Released in limited quantities it was roughly equivalent to the <a href="Game_Boy_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Game Boy Pocket">Game Boy Pocket</a>. It was available in three colors: yellow, green and grey. Watara designed many of the games themselves, but did receive some third party support, most notably from <a href="Thin_Chen_Enterprise" title="Thin Chen Enterprise">Sachen</a>.

</p><p>

A TV adapter was available in both PAL and NTSC formats that could transfer the Supervision's black-and-white palette to 4 colors, similar in some regards to the Super Game Boy from Nintendo.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hartung_Game_Master">Hartung Game Master</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Game_Master_(console)" title="Game Master (console)">Game Master (console)</a></div>

<p>The Hartung Game Master was an obscure handheld released at an unknown point in the early 1990s. Its graphics fidelity was much lower than most of its contemporaries, displaying just 64x64 pixels. It was available in black, white, and purple, and was frequently rebranded by its distributors, such as Delplay, Videojet and Systema.

</p><p>

The exact number of games released is not known, but was likely around 20. The system most frequently turns up in Europe and Australia.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

By this time, the lack of significant development in <a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s product line began allowing more advanced systems such as the <a href="Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo Geo Pocket Color">Neo Geo Pocket Color</a> and the <a href="WonderSwan_Color" class="mw-redirect" title="WonderSwan Color">WonderSwan Color</a> to be developed.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sega_Nomad">Sega Nomad</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Genesis_Nomad" title="Genesis Nomad">Genesis Nomad</a></div>

<p>

The Nomad was released in October 1995 in North America only.<sup id="cite_ref-gamepro_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamepro-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AllgameNomad_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllgameNomad-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The release was six years into the market span of the Genesis, with an existing library of more than 500 Genesis games. According to former Sega of America research and development head Joe Miller, the Nomad was not intended to be the Game Gear's replacement; he believed that there was little planning from Sega of Japan for the new handheld.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sega was supporting five different consoles: <a href="Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Saturn</a>, Genesis, <a href="Game_Gear" title="Game Gear">Game Gear</a>, <a href="Sega_Pico" title="Sega Pico">Pico</a>, and the <a href="Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a>, as well as the <a href="Sega_CD" title="Sega CD">Sega CD</a> and <a href="32X" title="32X">32X</a> add-ons. In Japan, the Mega Drive had never been successful and the Saturn was more successful than Sony's <a href="PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a>, so Sega Enterprises CEO <a href="Hayao_Nakayama" title="Hayao Nakayama">Hayao Nakayama</a> decided to focus on the Saturn.<sup id="cite_ref-KSL_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KSL-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1999, the Nomad was being sold at less than a third of its original price.<sup id="cite_ref-RetroNomad_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RetroNomad-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Game_Boy_Pocket">Game Boy Pocket</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Game_Boy#Game_Boy_Pocket" title="Game Boy">Game Boy § Game Boy Pocket</a></div>

<p>The Game Boy Pocket was a redesigned version of the original Game Boy having the same features. It was released in 1996. Notably, this variation was smaller and lighter. It came in seven different colors: red, yellow, green, blue, pink, black, silver and transparent. It was powered by two <a href="AAA_battery" title="AAA battery">AAA batteries</a>, which provided approximately 10 hours of gameplay.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The screen was changed to a true black-and-white display, rather than the "pea soup" monochromatic display of the original Game Boy.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although, like its predecessor, the Game Boy Pocket had no backlight to allow play in a darkened area, it did notably improve visibility and pixel response-time (mostly eliminating <a href="Image_persistence" title="Image persistence">ghosting</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

The first model of the Game Boy Pocket did not have an <a href="Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LED</a> to show battery levels, but the feature was added due to public demand. The Game Boy Pocket was not a new software platform and played the same software as the original Game Boy model.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Game.com" title="Game.com">Game.com</a></div>

<p>

The Game.com was a handheld game console released by <a href="Tiger_Electronics" title="Tiger Electronics">Tiger Electronics</a> in September 1997. It featured many new ideas for handheld consoles and was aimed at an older target audience, sporting PDA-style features and functions such as a touch screen and stylus.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Game_Boy_Color">Game Boy Color</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a></div>

<p>The Game Boy Color (also referred to as GBC or CGB) was Nintendo's successor to the Game Boy and was released on October 21, 1998, in Japan and in November of the same year in the United States. It featured a color screen, and was slightly bigger than the <a href="Game_Boy_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Game Boy Pocket">Game Boy Pocket</a>. The processor was twice as fast as a Game Boy's and had twice as much memory. It also had an <a href="Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> communications port for wireless linking which did not appear in later versions of the Game Boy, such as the Game Boy Advance.

</p><p>The Game Boy Color was a response to pressure from game developers for a new system, as they felt that the Game Boy, even in its latest incarnation (the Game Boy Pocket) was insufficient. The resulting product was backward-compatible, a first for a handheld console system, and this leveraged the large library of games and the existing user base of the predecessor system. This became a major feature of the Game Boy line since it allowed each new launch to begin with a significantly larger library than any of its competitors. As of March 31, 2005, the Game Boy and <a href="Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a> combined to sell 118.69 million units worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-nintendoannualreport2005_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nintendoannualreport2005-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBsales_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBsales-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

The console was capable of displaying up to 56 different colors simultaneously on screen from its palette of 32,768, and could add basic four-color shading to games that had been developed for the original Game Boy. It could also give the sprites and backgrounds separate colors, for a total of more than four colors.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color">Neo Geo Pocket Color</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo Geo Pocket Color">Neo Geo Pocket Color</a></div>

<p>The Neo Geo Pocket Color (or NGPC) was released in 1999 in Japan, and later that year in the United States and Europe. It was a 16-bit color handheld game console designed by <a href="SNK_Playmore" class="mw-redirect" title="SNK Playmore">SNK</a>, the maker of the <a href="Neo_Geo_(console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo Geo (console)">Neo Geo</a> home console and arcade machine.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It came after SNK's original <a href="Neo_Geo_Pocket" title="Neo Geo Pocket">Neo Geo Pocket</a> monochrome handheld, which debuted in 1998 in Japan.

</p><p>In 2000, following SNK's purchase by Japanese <a href="Pachinko" title="Pachinko">Pachinko</a> manufacturer Aruze, the Neo Geo Pocket Color was dropped from both the US and European markets, purportedly due to commercial failure.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

The system seemed well on its way to being a success in the U.S. It was more successful than any Game Boy competitor since <a href="Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s <a href="Sega_Game_Gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Sega Game Gear">Game Gear</a>, but was hurt by several factors, such as SNK's infamous lack of communication with third-party developers, and anticipation of the Game Boy Advance.<sup id="cite_ref-racketboy_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-racketboy-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision to ship U.S. games in cardboard boxes in a cost-cutting move rather than hard plastic cases that Japanese and European releases were shipped in may have also hurt US sales.<sup id="cite_ref-kontek_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kontek-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wonderswan">Wonderswan</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="WonderSwan" title="WonderSwan">WonderSwan</a></div>

<p>The WonderSwan was a handheld game console designed by <a href="Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a>. It was released on March 4, 1998, in Japan.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_2000s">Early 2000s</h3></div>

<p>The 2000s saw a major leap in innovation, particularly in the second half with the release of the DS and <a href="PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PSP</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wonderswan_Color">Wonderswan Color</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="WonderSwan" title="WonderSwan">WonderSwan</a></div>

<p>The WonderSwan Color was a handheld game console designed by <a href="Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a>. It was released on December 9, 2000, in Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-swanLaunch_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swanLaunch-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the WonderSwan Color was slightly larger and heavier (7 mm and 2 g) compared to the original WonderSwan, the color version featured 512 <a href="Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a><sup id="cite_ref-swanSpec_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swanSpec-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> and a larger color LCD screen. In addition, the WonderSwan Color was compatible with the original WonderSwan library of games.

</p><p>

Prior to WonderSwan's release, Nintendo had virtually a monopoly in the Japanese video game handheld market. After the release of the WonderSwan Color, Bandai took approximately 8% of the market share in Japan partly due to its low price of 6800 yen (approximately <a href="United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>65).<sup id="cite_ref-swanSpec_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swanSpec-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another reason for the WonderSwan's success in Japan was the fact that Bandai managed to get a deal with <a href="Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a> to port over the original <a href="Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Famicom</a> <i><a href="Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a></i> games with improved graphics and controls.<sup id="cite_ref-swanSpec_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swanSpec-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with the popularity of the Game Boy Advance and the reconciliation between Square and Nintendo, the WonderSwan Color and its successor, the <a href="SwanCrystal" class="mw-redirect" title="SwanCrystal">SwanCrystal</a> quickly lost its <a href="Competitive_advantage" title="Competitive advantage">competitive advantage</a>.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Game_Boy_Advance">Game Boy Advance</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a></div>

<p>In 2001, Nintendo released the Game Boy Advance (GBA or AGB), which added two shoulder buttons, a larger screen, and more computing power than the Game Boy Color.

</p><p>The design was revised two years later when the <a href="Game_Boy_Advance_SP" title="Game Boy Advance SP">Game Boy Advance SP</a> (GBA SP), a more compact version, was released. The SP featured a "<a href="Bivalve_shell" title="Bivalve shell">clamshell</a>" design (folding open and closed, like a laptop computer), as well as a <a href="Frontlight" title="Frontlight">frontlit</a> color display and rechargeable battery. Despite the smaller form factor, the screen remained the same size as that of the original. In 2005, the <a href="Game_Boy_Micro" title="Game Boy Micro">Game Boy Micro</a> was released. This revision sacrificed screen size and backwards compatibility with previous Game Boys for a dramatic reduction in total size and a brighter <a href="Backlight" title="Backlight">backlit</a> screen. A new SP model with a backlit screen was released in some regions around the same time.

</p><p>Along with the <a href="GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a>, the GBA also introduced the concept of "connectivity": using a handheld system as a console controller. A handful of games used this feature, most notably <i><a href="Animal_Crossing" title="Animal Crossing">Animal Crossing</a></i>, <i><a href="Pac-Man_Vs." title="Pac-Man Vs.">Pac-Man Vs.</a></i>, <i><a href="Final_Fantasy_Crystal_Chronicles" title="Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles">Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Legend_of_Zelda%3A_Four_Swords_Adventures" title="The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures">The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Legend_of_Zelda%3A_The_Wind_Waker" title="The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker">The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker</a></i>, <i><a href="Metroid_Prime" title="Metroid Prime">Metroid Prime</a></i>, and <i><a href="Sonic_Adventure_2%3A_Battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonic Adventure 2: Battle">Sonic Adventure 2: Battle</a></i>.

</p><p>

As of December 31, 2007, the GBA, GBA SP, and the Game Boy Micro combined sold 80.72 million units worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-080124e_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-080124e-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="GP32" title="GP32">GP32</a></div>

<p>

The original GP32 was released in 2001 by the South Korean company <a href="Game_Park" title="Game Park">Game Park</a> a few months after the launch of the Game Boy Advance. It featured a 32-bit CPU, 133 MHz processor, MP3 and Divx player, and e-book reader. <a href="SmartMedia" title="SmartMedia">SmartMedia</a> cards were used for storage, and could hold up to 128mb of anything downloaded through a USB cable from a PC. The GP32 was redesigned in 2003. A front-lit screen was added and the new version was called GP32 FLU (Front Light Unit). In summer 2004, another redesign, the GP32 BLU, was made, and added a backlit screen. This version of the handheld was planned for release outside South Korea; in Europe, and it was released for example in Spain (VirginPlay was the distributor). While not a commercial success on the same level as mainstream handhelds (only 30,000 units were sold), it ended up being used mainly as a platform for user-made applications and emulators of other systems, being popular with developers and more technically adept users.<sup id="cite_ref-clockerz_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clockerz-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="N-Gage_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Gage (device)">N-Gage (device)</a></div>

<p><a href="Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> released the N-Gage in 2003. It was designed as a combination MP3 player, cellphone, PDA, radio, and gaming device. The system received much criticism alleging defects in its physical design and layout, including its vertically oriented screen and requirement of removing the battery to change game cartridges. The most well known of these was "<a href="N-Gage_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Gage (device)">sidetalking</a>", or the act of placing the phone speaker and receiver on an edge of the device instead of one of the flat sides, causing the user to appear as if they are speaking into a <a href="Taco" title="Taco">taco</a>.

</p><p>The N-Gage QD was later released to address the design flaws of the original. However, certain features available in the original N-Gage, including MP3 playback, FM radio reception, and USB connectivity were removed.

</p>

<p><a href="N-Gage_(service)" title="N-Gage (service)">Second generation of N-Gage</a> launched on April 3, 2008<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the form of a service for selected <a href="Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphones</a>.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tapwave_Zodiac">Tapwave Zodiac</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Tapwave_Zodiac" title="Tapwave Zodiac">Tapwave Zodiac</a></div><p>

In 2003, Tapwave released the Zodiac. It was designed to be a <a href="Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDA</a>-handheld game console hybrid. It supported photos, movies, music, <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, and documents. The Zodiac used a special version Palm OS 5, 5.2T, that supported the special gaming buttons and graphics chip. Two versions were available, Zodiac 1 and 2, differing in memory and looks. The Zodiac line ended in July 2005 when Tapwave declared bankruptcy.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nintendo_DS">Nintendo DS</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a></div>

<p>The Nintendo DS was released in November 2004. Among its new features were the incorporation of two screens, a <a href="Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a>, wireless connectivity, and a microphone port. As with the Game Boy Advance SP, the DS features a clamshell design, with the two screens aligned vertically on either side of the hinge.

</p><p>The DS's lower screen is touch sensitive, designed to be pressed with a stylus, a user's finger or a special "thumb pad" (a small plastic pad attached to the console's wrist strap, which can be affixed to the thumb to simulate an analog stick). More traditional controls include four face buttons, two shoulder buttons, a <a href="D-pad" title="D-pad">D-pad</a>, and "Start" and "Select" buttons. The console also features online capabilities via the <a href="Nintendo_Wi-Fi_Connection" title="Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection">Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection</a> and ad-hoc wireless networking for multiplayer games with up to sixteen players. It is backwards-compatible with all Game Boy Advance games, but like the Game Boy Micro, it is not compatible with games designed for the Game Boy or Game Boy Color.

</p><p>In January 2006, Nintendo revealed an updated version of the DS: the <a href="Nintendo_DS_Lite" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo DS Lite">Nintendo DS Lite</a> (released on March 2, 2006, in Japan) with an updated, smaller form factor (42% smaller and 21% lighter than the original Nintendo DS), a cleaner design, longer battery life, and brighter, higher-quality displays, with adjustable brightness. It is also able to connect wirelessly with Nintendo's Wii console.

</p><p>On October 2, 2008, Nintendo announced the <a href="Nintendo_DSi" title="Nintendo DSi">Nintendo DSi</a>, with larger, 3.25-inch screens and two integrated cameras. It has an <a href="Secure_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">SD card</a> storage slot in place of the <a href="Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a> slot, plus internal flash memory for storing downloaded games. It was released on November 1, 2008, in Japan, April 2, 2009, in Australia, April 3, 2009, in Europe, and April 5, 2009, in North America. On October 29, 2009, Nintendo announced a larger version of the DSi, called the <a href="Nintendo_DSi#Larger_model" title="Nintendo DSi">DSi XL</a>, which was released on November 21, 2009, in Japan, March 5, 2010, in Europe, March 28, 2010, in North America, and April 15, 2010, in Australia.

</p><p>

As of December 31, 2009, the Nintendo DS, Nintendo DS Lite, and Nintendo DSi combined have sold 125.13 million units worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="GameKing" title="GameKing">GameKing</a></div>

<p>The GameKing is a handheld game console released by the Chinese company TimeTop in 2004. The first model while original in design owes a large debt to Nintendo's Game Boy Advance. The second model, the GameKing 2, is believed to be inspired by Sony's PSP.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model also was upgraded with a backlit screen, with a distracting background transparency (which can be removed by opening up the console). A color model, the GameKing 3 apparently exists, but was only made for a brief time and was difficult to purchase outside of Asia.

</p><p>As many of the games have an "old school" simplicity, the device has developed a small cult following. The Gameking's speaker is quite loud and the cartridges' sophisticated looping soundtracks (sampled from other sources) are seemingly at odds with its primitive graphics.

</p><p>

TimeTop made at least one additional device sometimes labeled as "GameKing", but while it seems to possess more advanced graphics, is essentially an emulator that plays a handful of multi-carts (like the GB Station Light II). Outside of Asia (especially China) however the Gameking remains relatively unheard of due to the enduring popularity of Japanese handhelds such as those manufactured by Nintendo and Sony.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PlayStation_Portable">PlayStation Portable</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a></div>

<p>The PlayStation Portable (officially abbreviated PSP)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a handheld game console manufactured and marketed by <a href="Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SCEAspecs_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCEAspecs-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of the console was first announced during E3 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-IGNE32003_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNE32003-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was unveiled on May 11, 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system was released in Japan on December 12, 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="North_America" title="North America">North America</a> on March 24, 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-GSUSlaunch_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSUSlaunch-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="PAL_region" class="mw-redirect" title="PAL region">PAL region</a> on September 1, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

The PlayStation Portable is the first handheld video game console to use an optical disc format, <a href="Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">Universal Media Disc</a> (UMD), for distribution of its games. UMD Video discs with movies and television shows were also released. The PSP utilized the Sony/<a href="SanDisk" class="mw-redirect" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a> <a href="Memory_Stick_PRO_Duo" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory Stick PRO Duo">Memory Stick Pro Duo</a> format as its primary storage medium.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other distinguishing features of the console include its large viewing screen,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> multi-media capabilities,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and connectivity with the <a href="PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>, other PSPs, and the <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gizmondo">Gizmondo</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Gizmondo" title="Gizmondo">Gizmondo</a></div>

<p>

Tiger's Gizmondo came out in the UK during March 2005 and it was released in the U.S. during October 2005. It is designed to play music, movies, and games, have a camera for taking and storing photos, and have GPS functions. It also has Internet capabilities. It has a phone for sending text and multimedia messages. Email was promised at launch, but was never released before Gizmondo, and ultimately <a href="Tiger_Telematics" title="Tiger Telematics">Tiger Telematics</a>', downfall in early 2006. Users obtained a second service pack, unreleased, hoping to find such functionality. However, Service Pack B did not activate the e-mail functionality.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="GP2X_Series">GP2X Series</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="GP2X" title="GP2X">GP2X</a></div>

<p>The GP2X is an open-source, Linux-based handheld video game console and media player created by <a href="GamePark_Holdings" title="GamePark Holdings">GamePark Holdings</a> of South Korea, designed for homebrew developers as well as commercial developers. It is commonly used to run emulators for game consoles such as Neo-Geo, Genesis, Master System, Game Gear, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, Nintendo Entertainment System, TurboGrafx-16, MAME and others.

</p><p>

A new version called the "F200" was released October 30, 2007, and features a touchscreen, among other changes. Followed by <a href="GP2X_Wiz" title="GP2X Wiz">GP2X Wiz</a> (2009) and <a href="GP2X_Caanoo" class="mw-redirect" title="GP2X Caanoo">GP2X Caanoo</a> (2010).</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dingoo">Dingoo</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Dingoo" title="Dingoo">Dingoo</a></div>

<p>

The Dingoo A320 is a micro-sized gaming handheld that resembles the Game Boy Micro and is open to game development. It also supports music, radio, emulators (8 bit and 16 bit) and video playing capabilities with its own interface much like the PSP. There is also an onboard radio and recording program. It is currently available in two colors — white and black. Other similar products from the same manufacturer are the Dingoo A330 (also known as Geimi), Dingoo A360, Dingoo A380, and Dingoo A320E.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="PlayStation_Portable#PSP_Go_(N1000)" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable § PSP Go (N1000)</a></div>

<p>The PSP Go is a version of the PlayStation Portable handheld game console manufactured by Sony. It was released on October 1, 2009, in American and European territories, and on November 1 in Japan. It was revealed prior to E3 2009 through Sony's Qore VOD service. Although its design is significantly different from other PSPs, it is not intended to replace the PSP 3000, which Sony continued to manufacture, sell, and support. On April 20, 2011, the manufacturer announced that the PSP Go would be discontinued so that they may concentrate on the PlayStation Vita. Sony later said that only the European and Japanese versions were being cut, and that the console would still be available in the US.

Unlike previous PSP models, the PSP Go does not feature a UMD drive, but instead has 16 GB of internal flash memory to store games, video, pictures, and other media. This can be extended by up to 32 GB with the use of a Memory Stick Micro (M2) flash card. Also unlike previous PSP models, the PSP Go's rechargeable battery is not removable or replaceable by the user. The unit is 43% lighter and 56% smaller than the original PSP-1000, and 16% lighter and 35% smaller than the PSP-3000. It has a 3.8" 480 × 272 LCD (compared to the larger 4.3" 480 × 272 pixel LCD on previous PSP models). The screen slides up to reveal the main controls. The overall shape and sliding mechanism are similar to that of Sony's mylo COM-2 internet device.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pandora">Pandora</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Pandora_(console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandora (console)">Pandora (console)</a></div>

<p>The Pandora is a handheld game console/UMPC/PDA hybrid designed to take advantage of existing <a href="Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source software</a> and to be a target for <a href="Homebrew_(video_games)" title="Homebrew (video games)">home-brew development</a>. It runs a full distribution of Linux, and in functionality is like a small PC with gaming controls. It is developed by OpenPandora, which is made up of former distributors and community members of the GP32 and GP2X handhelds.

</p><p>OpenPandora began taking pre-orders for one batch of 4000 devices in November 2008 and after manufacturing delays, began shipping to customers on May 21, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-It_finally_happened_(official_blog)_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-It_finally_happened_(official_blog)-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shipping_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shipping-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>The FC-16 Go is a portable <a href="Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super NES</a> hardware clone manufactured by Yobo Gameware in 2009. It features a 3.5-inch display, two wireless controllers, and CRT cables that allow cartridges to be played on a television screen. Unlike other Super NES clone consoles, it has region tabs that only allow NTSC North American cartridges to be played. Later revisions feature stereo sound output, larger shoulder buttons, and a slightly re-arranged button, power, and A/V output layout.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nintendo_3DS">Nintendo 3DS</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a></div>

<p>The <b>Nintendo 3DS</b> is the successor to Nintendo's DS handheld. The autostereoscopic device is able to project stereoscopic three-dimensional effects without requirement of active shutter or passive polarized glasses, which are required by most current 3D televisions to display the 3D effect. The 3DS was released in Japan on February 26, 2011; in Europe on March 25, 2011; in North America on March 27, 2011, and in Australia on March 31, 2011. The system features backward compatibility with Nintendo DS series software, including Nintendo DSi software except those that require the Game Boy Advance slot. It also features an online service called the Nintendo eShop, launched on June 6, 2011, in North America and June 7, 2011, in Europe and Japan, which allows owners to download games, demos, applications and information on upcoming film and game releases. On November 24, 2011, a limited edition <i>Legend of Zelda 25th Anniversary 3DS</i> was released that contained a unique Cosmo Black unit decorated with gold Legend of Zelda related imagery, along with a copy of <i>The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D</i>.

</p><p>There are also other models including the <a href="Nintendo_2DS" title="Nintendo 2DS">Nintendo 2DS</a> and the <a href="New_Nintendo_3DS" title="New Nintendo 3DS">New Nintendo 3DS</a>, the latter with a larger (XL/LL) variant, like the original Nintendo 3DS, as well as the <a href="New_Nintendo_2DS_XL" title="New Nintendo 2DS XL">New Nintendo 2DS XL</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Xperia_Play">Xperia Play</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Xperia_Play" title="Xperia Play">Xperia Play</a></div>

<p>The Sony Ericsson Xperia PLAY is a handheld game console smartphone produced by <a href="Sony_Ericsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Ericsson">Sony Ericsson</a> under the Xperia smartphone brand. The device runs Android 2.3 Gingerbread, and is the first to be part of the PlayStation Certified program which means that it can play PlayStation Suite games. The device is a horizontally sliding phone with its original form resembling the Xperia X10 while the slider below resembles the slider of the PSP Go. The slider features a D-pad on the left side, a set of standard PlayStation buttons (<span typeof="mw:File"></span>, <span typeof="mw:File"></span>, <span typeof="mw:File"></span> and <span typeof="mw:File"></span>) on the right, a long rectangular touchpad in the middle, start and select buttons on the bottom right corner, a menu button on the bottom left corner, and two shoulder buttons (L and R) on the back of the device. It is powered by a 1 GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon processor, a Qualcomm Adreno 205 GPU, and features a display measuring 4.0 inches (100 mm) (854 × 480), an 8-megapixel camera, 512 MB RAM, 8 GB internal storage, and a micro-USB connector. It supports microSD cards, versus the Memory Stick variants used in PSP consoles. The device was revealed officially for the first time in a Super Bowl ad on Sunday, February 6, 2011. On February 13, 2011, at Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2011, it was announced that the device would be shipping globally in March 2011, with a launch lineup of around 50 software titles.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PlayStation_Vita">PlayStation Vita</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a></div>

<p>The <b>PlayStation Vita</b> is the successor to Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP) Handheld series. It was released in Japan on December 17, 2011, and in Europe, Australia, North, and South America on February 22, 2012.

</p><p>The handheld includes two analog sticks, a 5-inch (130 mm) OLED/LCD multi-touch capacitive touchscreen, and supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and optional 3G. Internally, the PS Vita features a 4 core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore processor and a 4 core SGX543MP4+ graphics processing unit, as well as <a href="LiveArea" class="mw-redirect" title="LiveArea">LiveArea</a> software as its main user interface, which succeeds the <a href="XrossMediaBar" title="XrossMediaBar">XrossMediaBar</a>.

</p><p>The device is fully backwards-compatible with PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network via the PlayStation Store. However, PSone Classics and PS2 titles were not compatible at the time of the primary public release in Japan. The Vita's dual analog sticks will be supported on selected PSP games. The graphics for PSP releases will be up-scaled, with a smoothing filter to reduce pixelation.

</p><p>On September 20, 2018, Sony announced at <a href="Tokyo_Game_Show" title="Tokyo Game Show">Tokyo Game Show</a> 2018 that the Vita would be discontinued in 2019, ending its hardware production.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of Vita hardware officially ended on March 1, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nvidia_Shield">Nvidia Shield</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Shield_Portable" class="mw-redirect" title="Shield Portable">Shield Portable</a></div>

<p>Project Shield is a handheld system developed by <a href="Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> announced at CES 2013. It runs on Android 4.2 and uses Nvidia <a href="Tegra_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegra 4">Tegra 4</a> SoC. The hardware includes a 5-inches multitouch screen with support for HD graphics (720p). The console allows for the streaming of games running on a compatible desktop PC, or laptop.

</p><p>Nvidia Shield Portable has received mixed reception from critics. Generally, reviewers praised the performance of the device, but criticized the cost and lack of worthwhile games. <a href="Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a>'s review noted the system's "extremely impressive PC gaming", but also that due to its high price, the device was "a hard sell as a portable game console", especially when compared to similar handhelds on the market.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a>'s Eric Franklin states in his review of the device that "The Nvidia Shield is an extremely well made device, with performance that pretty much obliterates any mobile product before it; but like most new console launches, there is currently a lack of available games worth your time."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>'s comprehensive review of the device provides a detailed account of the device and its features; concluded by saying: "In the here and now, the first-gen Shield Portable is a gloriously niche, luxury product - the most powerful Android system on the market by a clear stretch and possessing a unique link to PC gaming that's seriously impressive in beta form, and can only get better."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nintendo_Switch">Nintendo Switch</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a></div>

<p>The <b>Nintendo Switch</b> is a hybrid console that can either be used in a handheld form, or inserted into a docking station attached to a television to play on a bigger screen. The Switch features two detachable wireless controllers, called Joy-Con, which can be used individually or attached to a grip to provide a traditional gamepad form. A handheld-only revision named <a href="Nintendo_Switch_Lite" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Switch Lite">Nintendo Switch Lite</a> was released on September 20, 2019.

</p><p>The Switch Lite had sold about 1.95 million units worldwide by September 30, 2019, only 10 days after its launch.<sup id="cite_ref-fisc_y20q2_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisc_y20q2-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evercade">Evercade</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Evercade" title="Evercade">Evercade</a></div>

<p>Evercade is a handheld game console developed and manufactured by UK company Blaze Entertainment. It focuses on retrogaming with ROM cartridges that each contain a number of emulated games. Development began in 2018, and the console was released in May 2020, after a few delays. Upon its launch, the console offered 10 game cartridges with a combined total of 122 games.

</p><p>Arc System Works, Atari, Data East, Interplay Entertainment, Bandai Namco Entertainment and Piko Interactive have released emulated versions of their games for the Evercade. Pre-existing homebrew games have also been re-released for the console by Mega Cat Studios. The Evercade is capable of playing games originally released for the Atari 2600, the Atari 7800, the Atari Lynx, the NES, the SNES, and the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Analogue_Pocket">Analogue Pocket</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Analogue_Pocket" title="Analogue Pocket">Analogue Pocket</a></div>

<p>The <b>Analogue Pocket</b> is a <a href="Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">FPGA</a>-based handheld game console designed and manufactured by <a href="Analogue_(video_game_company)" title="Analogue (video game company)">Analogue</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is designed to play games designed for handhelds of the <a href="Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">fourth</a>, <a href="Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">fifth</a> and <a href="Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">sixth</a> generation of video game consoles. The console features a design reminiscent of the Game Boy, with additional buttons for the supported platforms. It features a 3.5" 1600x1440 LTPS LCD display, an SD card port, and a link cable port compatible with Game Boy link cables. The Analogue Pocket uses an Altera Cyclone V processor, and is compatible with the original Game Boy, Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance cartridges out of the box. With cartridge adapters (sold separately) the Analogue Pocket can play Game Gear, Neo Geo Pocket, Neo Geo Pocket Color and Atari Lynx game cartridges. The Analogue Pocket includes an additional FPGA, allowing 3rd party FPGA development. The Analogue Pocket was released in December 2021.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Steam_Deck">Steam Deck</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Steam_Deck" title="Steam Deck">Steam Deck</a></div>

<p>The Steam Deck is a handheld computer device, developed by <a href="Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a>, which runs <a href="SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS 3.0</a>, a tailored <a href="Linux_distro" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux distro">distro</a> of <a href="Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a> and includes support for <a href="Proton_(software)" title="Proton (software)">Proton</a>, a compatibility layer that allows most <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> games to be played on the Linux-based operating system. This device and other similar ones generally are not referred to as "consoles" but more commonly as <a href="Handheld" class="mw-redirect" title="Handheld">handheld</a> style <a href="Gaming_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaming computers">gaming computers</a> due to effectively being <a href="IBM_PC%E2%80%93compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC–compatible">IBM PC–compatible</a> like contemporary desktop and laptop gaming PCs.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of hardware, the Deck includes a custom <a href="AMD_APU" title="AMD APU">AMD APU</a> based on their <a href="Zen_2" title="Zen 2">Zen 2</a> and <a href="RDNA_2" title="RDNA 2">RDNA 2</a> architectures, with the CPU running a four-core/eight-thread unit and the GPU running on eight <a href="Compute_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Compute unit">compute units</a> with a total estimated performance of 1.6 TFLOPS.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the CPU and GPU use variable timing frequencies, with the CPU running between 2.4 and 3.5 GHz and the GPU between 1.0 and 1.6 GHz based on current processor needs.<sup id="cite_ref-ign_announce_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ign_announce-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eg_specs_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eg_specs-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valve stated that the CPU has comparable performance to <a href="Ryzen_3000" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryzen 3000">Ryzen 3000</a> desktop computer processors and the GPU performance to the <a href="Radeon_RX_6000_series" title="Radeon RX 6000 series">Radeon RX 6000 series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-techradar_more_specs_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techradar_more_specs-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Deck includes 16 GB of <a href="LPDDR5" class="mw-redirect" title="LPDDR5">LPDDR5</a> <a href="RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a> in a quad channel configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-eg_specs_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eg_specs-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Valve revealed the Steam Deck on July 15, 2021, with pre-orders being made option the next day. The Deck was expected to ship in December 2021 to the US, Canada, the EU and the UK but was delayed to February 2022, with other regions to follow in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_announce_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_announce-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pre-orders were limited to those with <a href="Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a> accounts opened before June 2021 to prevent resellers from controlling access to the device.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_announce_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_announce-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pre-order reservations were on July 16, 2021, through the Steam storefront briefly crashed the servers due to the demand. While initial shipments are still planned by February 2022, Valve has reported to new purchasers that wider availability will be later, with the 64 GB model and 256 GB NVMe model due in Q2 2022, and the 512 GB NVMe model by Q3 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steam Deck was released on February 25, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nintendo_Switch_2">Nintendo Switch 2</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Nintendo_Switch_2" title="Nintendo Switch 2">Nintendo Switch 2</a></div>

<p>The <b>Nintendo Switch 2</b> is the direct successor of the Nintendo Switch, which was released on June 5, 2025. Like its predecessor, Switch 2 is a hybrid console: Either be used in a handheld form, or inserted into a docking station attached to a television to play on a bigger screen.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">List of handheld game consoles</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Video game console emulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">Handheld electronic game</a></li>

<li><a href="Handheld_television" title="Handheld television">Handheld television</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_games_and_Linux" title="Video games and Linux">Video games and Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_gaming" title="Cloud gaming">Cloud gaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Mobile game</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including the SwanCrystal model</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including the Pocket and Light models</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including the SP and Micro models</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including the Lite, DSi and XL models</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including the XL, 2DS, New 3DS, New 3DS XL, and New 2DS XL models</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including the Lite and OLED models</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2 million units were sold across all SNK handhelds combined, a model by model breakdown is not available</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including the Go and Street models</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714081415/http://www.mg-bl.com/fileadmin/downloads/deliverables/D4.1_Standards_and_technology_monitoring_report_revised_version_V1.7.pdf">D 4.1 - Standards and technology monitoring report [revised version]</a></i> . <a href="University_of_Maribor" title="University of Maribor">University of Maribor</a>. <a href="Sixth_Framework_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth Framework Programme">Sixth Framework Programme</a> (<a href="European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a>). April 24, 2007. p. 20.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-li-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-li_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Li, Frederick W. B. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/frederick.li/paper/game.v2.pdf">Computer Games</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100714083111/http://www.dur.ac.uk/frederick.li/paper/game.v2.pdf">Archived</a> July 14, 2010, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham University</a>. Retrieved December 19, 2008. p. 4.</span>

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFSteinbockJohnny_L._Wilson2007" class="citation book cs1">Steinbock, Dan; Johnny L. Wilson (January 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cUQ1y4iNrGcC&q=popularizing+the+handheld+console+concept+nintendo&pg=PA150"><i>The Mobile Revolution</i></a>. Kogan Page. p. 150. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7494-4850-9</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gamasutra-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gamasutra_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLoguidiceMatt_Barton2008" class="citation web cs1">Loguidice, Bill; Matt Barton (August 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/a-history-of-gaming-platforms-mattel-intellivision">"A History of Gaming Platforms: Mattel Intellivision"</a>. <i>Gamasutra</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-competitors-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-competitors_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-competitors_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDemariaJohnny_L._Wilson2002" class="citation book cs1">Demaria, Rusel; Johnny L. Wilson (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC&q=High+Score!+The+Illustrated+History+of+Video+games"><i>High Score! The Illustrated History of Video games</i></a>. <a href="McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>32. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-07-222428-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/16957/Merlin-the-Electronic-Wizard/">"Merlin, the Electronic Wizard - Game Console - Computing History"</a>. <i>www.computinghistory.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Microvision_ONM-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Microvision_ONM_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Microvision_ONM_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEast2009" class="citation web cs1">East, Tom (November 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110045319/http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/13153/features/history-of-nintendo-game-boy/">"History Of Nintendo: Game Boy"</a>. <i><a href="Official_Nintendo_Magazine" title="Official Nintendo Magazine">Official Nintendo Magazine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/13153/features/history-of-nintendo-game-boy/">the original</a> on November 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Forbes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPatsuris2004" class="citation journal cs1">Patsuris, Penelope (June 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2004/06/07/cx_pp_0607mondaymatchup.html">"Sony PSP Vs. Nintendo DS"</a>. <i><a href="Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHutsko2000" class="citation news cs1">Hutsko, Joe (March 25, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/25/business/88-million-and-counting-nintendo-remains-king-of-the-handheld-game-players.html?pagewanted=all">"88 Million and Counting; Nintendo Remains King of the Handheld Game Players"</a>. <i><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcworld.com/article/183679/evolution_of_portable_gaming.html">"30 Years of Handheld Game Systems"</a>. <i>PCWorld</i>. December 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcFerran2017" class="citation news cs1">McFerran, Damien (May 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2017/05/retrospective_the_awkward_birth_of_the_ds_nintendos_most_successful_system">"Retrospective: The Awkward Birth of the DS, Nintendo's Most Successful System"</a>. <i><a href="Nintendo_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Life">Nintendo Life</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHollister2025" class="citation web cs1">Hollister, Sean (February 25, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/pc-gaming/618709/steam-deck-3-year-anniversary-handheld-gaming-shipments-idc">"Three years later, the Steam Deck has dominated handheld PC gaming"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-electronic_handheld_definition-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-electronic_handheld_definition_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-electronic_handheld_definition_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-electronic_handheld_definition_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDemariaJohnny_L._Wilson2002" class="citation book cs1">Demaria, Rusel; Johnny L. Wilson (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC&q=High+Score!+The+Illustrated+History+of+Video+games"><i>High Score! The Illustrated History of Video games</i></a>. <a href="McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. p. 30. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-07-222428-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nonvideogame-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nonvideogame_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJensen1978" class="citation journal cs1">Jensen, Kris (January 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628172513/http://www.handheldmuseum.com/BooksMagazines/Mag-PE_0178/PE0178_2.htm">"New 1978 Electronic Games"</a>. <i><a href="Popular_Electronics" title="Popular Electronics">Popular Electronics</a></i>: <span class="nowrap">33–</span>43. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handheldmuseum.com/BooksMagazines/Mag-PE_0178/PE0178_2.htm">the original</a> on June 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-handheldmuseum-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-handheldmuseum_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2008" class="citation web cs1">Morgan, Rik (August 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handheldmuseum.com/Misc/CragstanPeriscope.htm">"Cragstan Periscope-Firing Range"</a>. Handheld Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-LED_Calculators-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LED_Calculators_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101022172145/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,903443,00.html">"Optoelectronics Arrives"</a>. <i><a href="Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Vol. 99, no. 14. April 3, 1972. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,903443,00.html">the original</a> on October 22, 2010.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Cohen_Interview-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_Interview_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2008" class="citation web cs1">Morgan, Rik (August 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handheldmuseum.com/Mattel/Trivia.htm">"Interview with Howard Cohen"</a>. Handheld Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ultimate_history-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ultimate_history_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ultimate_history_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2MH05ogU9oC&q=%22The+Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games%22"><i>The Ultimate History of Video Games</i></a>. Prima Publishing. p. 200. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7615-3643-7</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-1up-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1up_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFParish2005" class="citation web cs1">Parish, Jeremy (March 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160721193503/http://www.1up.com/features/pspredecessors">"PSPredecessors"</a>. 1up. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/features/pspredecessors">the original</a> on July 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handheldmuseum.com/Mattel/FB.htm">"Mattel's Football (I) (1977, LED, 9 Volt, Model# 2024)"</a>. <i>handheldmuseum.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200710014145/http://www.retroland.com/mattel-electronics-football/">"Mattel Electronics Football"</a>. <i>Retroland</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retroland.com/mattel-electronics-football/">the original</a> on July 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Technology_&_Engineering_Emmy_Awards-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Technology_&_Engineering_Emmy_Awards_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160721193614/http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/tech_2k7_winners.pdf">"Winners of 59th Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards Announced by National Television Academy at Consumer Electronics Show"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Television Academy of Television Arts and Sciences</i>. January 8, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/tech_2k7_winners.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-phoenix-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phoenix_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHerman2001" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Leonard (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JHOAAAAACAAJ&q=%22Phoenix%22+video+games"><i>Phoenix: The Rise and Fall Of Video Games</i></a>. Rolenta Press. p. 42. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9643848-5-X</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNiko_Silvester" class="citation web cs1">Niko Silvester. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806162245/https://www.lifewire.com/retro-collector-beginnings-4040018">"Sony's PlayStation Portable and Milton Bradley's Microvision - The PSP and the History of Handheld Video Gaming, Part 2"</a>. <i>about.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psp.about.com/od/hardwarefirmware/a/psphistorymicrovision.htm">the original</a> on August 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-handheldmuseum2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-handheldmuseum2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2008" class="citation web cs1">Morgan, Rik (August 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628172547/http://www.handheldmuseum.com/MB/MVCosmicHunter.htm">"CosmiHunter"</a>. Handheld Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handheldmuseum.com/MB/MVCosmicHunter.htm">the original</a> on June 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCrigger2007" class="citation web cs1">Crigger, Lara (March 3, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140213213725/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_87/490-Searching-for-Gunpei-Yokoi">"The Escapist: Searching for Gunpei Yokoi"</a>. Escapistmagazine.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_87/490-Searching-for-Gunpei-Yokoi">the original</a> on February 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-game_and_watch-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-game_and_watch_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPollack1997" class="citation news cs1">Pollack, Andrew (October 9, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/09/business/gunpei-yokoi-chief-designer-of-game-boy-is-dead-at-56.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FD%2FDeaths%20(Obituaries)">"Gunpei Yokoi, Chief Designer Of Game Boy, Is Dead at 56"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-game_over-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-game_over_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSheff1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="David_Sheff" title="David Sheff">Sheff, David</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0dK2AAAAIAAJ&q=Game+Over:+Press+Start+to+Continue"><i>Game Over: Press Start to Continue</i></a>. GamePress. p. 28. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-9669617-0-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-IGN-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGN_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2008" class="citation web cs1">Buchanan, Levi (September 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retro.ign.com/articles/908/908569p1.html">"From Janitor to Superstar Gunpei Yokoi, inventor of the Game Boy, would have been 67 this week"</a>. <i>IGN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPfau2008" class="citation web cs1">Pfau, Jeffrey (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/13things/7643.html">"The Game Controller: From the Beginning"</a>. <i>13 Things</i>. Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World. Brown University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNatapovMacKenzie2010" class="citation journal cs1">Natapov, D.; MacKenzie, I. S. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/mack/FuturePlay2010-1.pdf">"The trackball controller: Improving the analog stick"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on FuturePlay</i>. New York: ACM: <span class="nowrap">175–</span>182. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411142350/http://www.yorku.ca/mack/FuturePlay2010-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 11, 2016.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-game_over2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-game_over2_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSheff1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="David_Sheff" title="David Sheff">Sheff, David</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0dK2AAAAIAAJ&q=Game+Over:+Press+Start+to+Continue"><i>Game Over: Press Start to Continue</i></a>. GamePress. p. 294. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-9669617-0-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120123220944/http://www.pcpro.co.uk/features/361591/the-top-ten-retro-gaming-secrets/3">"The top ten retro gaming secrets"</a>. <i>PC Pro</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcpro.co.uk/features/361591/the-top-ten-retro-gaming-secrets/3">the original</a> on January 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115123926/http://www.pcpro.co.uk/features/361591/the-top-ten-retro-gaming-secrets">"The top ten retro gaming secrets"</a>. <i>PC Pro</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcpro.co.uk/features/361591/the-top-ten-retro-gaming-secrets">the original</a> on January 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-GBsales1989-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GBsales1989_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110123202930/http://firstarkansasnews.net/2011/01/game-boy-nintendo-dominates-the-portable-market/">"Game Boy — Nintendo dominates the portable market"</a>. First Arkansas News. January 22, 2011. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nintendoannualreport2005-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nintendoannualreport2005_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nintendoannualreport2005_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051215033905/https://www.nintendo.com/corp/report/NintendoAnnualReport2005.pdf">"05 Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nintendo Co., Ltd. March 31, 2006. p. 65. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.com/corp/report/NintendoAnnualReport2005.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 15, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-GBsales-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GBsales_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GBsales_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509094404/http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/10/game_consoles/source/7.htm">"Game Boy"</a>. <i>A Brief History of Game Console Warfare</i>. <a href="BusinessWeek" class="mw-redirect" title="BusinessWeek">BusinessWeek</a>. Archived from the original on May 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTravis_Fahs2009" class="citation web cs1">Travis Fahs (April 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retro.ign.com/articles/974/974695p7.html">"IGN Presents the History of SEGA"</a>. <i>IGN</i>. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gamepro-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gamepro_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSnow,_Blake2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Snow, Blake (July 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012194600/http://gamepro.com/gamepro/domestic/games/features/125748.shtml">"The 10 Worst-Selling Handhelds of All Time"</a>. <i><a href="GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamepro.com/gamepro/domestic/games/features/125748.shtml">the original</a> on October 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-AllgameNomad-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AllgameNomad_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMarriott,_Scott_Alan" class="citation web cs1">Marriott, Scott Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114094423/http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=17671">"Sega Genesis Nomad - Overview"</a>. <a href="Allgame" class="mw-redirect" title="Allgame">Allgame</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=17671">the original</a> on November 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-interview-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-interview_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz,_Ken2013" class="citation web cs1">Horowitz, Ken (February 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sega-16.com/2013/02/interview-joe-miller/">"Interview: Joe Miller"</a>. Sega-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-KSL-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KSL_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Steven_L._Kent" title="Steven L. Kent">Kent, Steven L.</a> (2001). <i><a href="The_Ultimate_History_of_Video_Games%3A_The_Story_Behind_the_Craze_that_Touched_our_Lives_and_Changed_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World">The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World</a></i>. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. pp. 508, 531. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-RetroNomad-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RetroNomad_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRetro_Gamer_staff" class="citation journal cs1"><i><a href="Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a></i> staff. "Retroinspection: Sega Nomad". <i><a href="Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a></i> (69). Imagine Publishing: <span class="nowrap">46–</span>53.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"The Incredible Shrinking Game Boy Pocket". <i><a href="Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a></i>. No. 84. <a href="Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. July 1996. p. 16.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Game Boy Relaunched". <i><a href="Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a></i>. No. 20. <a href="Imagine_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine Media">Imagine Media</a>. August 1996. p. 26.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Pocket Cool". <i><a href="Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a></i>. No. 89. <a href="Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. December 1996. p. 204.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Show Notes". <i><a href="GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a></i>. No. 95. <a href="International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">IDG</a>. August 1996. p. 16.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.ign.com/articles/2001/11/03/a-sign-of-the-times-game-over-for-snk">"A Sign Of The Times: Game Over For SNK"</a>. IGN UK. November 2, 2001.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFParish2014" class="citation web cs1">Parish, Jeremy (October 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209032237/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/neo-geo-pocket-color-the-portable-that-changed-everything">"Neo Geo Pocket Color: The portable that changed everything"</a>. <i>usgamer.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usgamer.net/articles/neo-geo-pocket-color-the-portable-that-changed-everything">the original</a> on February 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-racketboy-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-racketboy_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.racketboy.com/retro/snkneo-geo/neogeo-pocket-color-101-beginners-guide">"Neo Geo Pocket Color 101, A beginner's guide"</a>. <i>racketboy.com</i>. January 4, 2012.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kontek-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kontek_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.kontek.net/sngp.classicgaming.gamespy.com/editorials/end_of_an_era_part2.htm">"The end of an era: a cruel look at what we missed: Part 2"</a>. <i>gamespy.com</i>. June 2000.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-swanLaunch-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-swanLaunch_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320215243/http://www.promoduck.com/PressRelease/html/press_con10a048.htm">"Bandai announces release of WonderSwan color"</a>. August 30, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promoduck.com/PressRelease/html/press_con10a048.htm">the original</a> on March 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-swanSpec-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swanSpec_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swanSpec_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swanSpec_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gameboy.ign.com/articles/084/084272p1.html">"WonderSwan Color Revealed"</a>. <i>ign.com</i>. August 30, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-080124e-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-080124e_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2008/080124e.pdf#page=8">"Consolidated Financial Highlights"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>. January 24, 2008. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216091256/https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2008/080124e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-clockerz-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clockerz_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/news/6159783.html">GP2X Q&A, With Craig Rothwell</a>. <i>Clockerz</i>. Retrieved March 24, 2008.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090412015450/http://www.n-gage.com/ngi/ngage/web/g0/en/community/articles.Detail.general-anewdayforngage.1.html">"A New Day for N-Gage"</a>. Nokia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.n-gage.com/ngi/ngage/web/g0/en/community/articles.Detail.general-anewdayforngage.1.html">the original</a> on April 12, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2009/090507e.pdf#page=22">"Consolidated Financial Highlights"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nintendo. May 7, 2009. p. 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629122850/https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2009/090507e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/101781/gameking-2-portable-game-machine">Gameking 2 Portable Game Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621070243/https://gizmodo.com/101781/gameking-2-portable-game-machine">Archived</a> June 21, 2018, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Gizmodo.com (April 30, 2005). Retrieved on 2013-08-23.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080213151309/http://www.us.playstation.com/psp/about/">"PSP - About"</a>. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us.playstation.com/PSP/Features">the original</a> on February 13, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-SCEAspecs-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCEAspecs_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080213151309/http://www.us.playstation.com/psp/about/specs">"PSP Technical Specifications"</a>. "Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us.playstation.com/psp/about/specs">the original</a> on February 13, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-IGNE32003-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGNE32003_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ps2.ign.com/articles/402/402220p1.html">"E3 2003: Sony Goes Handheld!"</a>. <i>IGN</i>. May 13, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMiller_II2004" class="citation news cs1">Miller II, Stanley A. (May 11, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028234432/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BTcqAAAAIBAJ&pg=2031,1889081&dq=sony+aims+to+take+on+rivals&hl=en">"Sony aims to take on rivals"</a>. <i>Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BTcqAAAAIBAJ&pg=2031,1889081&dq=sony+aims+to+take+on+rivals&hl=en">the original</a> on October 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160721193505/http://www.1up.com/news/psp-japanese-launch-impressions">"PSP Japanese launch impressions"</a>. 1UP. December 11, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/news/psp-japanese-launch-impressions">the original</a> on July 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-GSUSlaunch-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GSUSlaunch_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThorsen2005" class="citation web cs1">Thorsen, Tor (March 24, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/news/6121009/spot-on-the-us-psp-launch">"The US PSP Launch"</a>. <i>GameSpot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4200000/newsid_4202900/4202934.stm">"Sony PSP launches across Europe"</a>. The BBC. September 1, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080323190851/http://www.gamedaily.com/games/playstation-portable/psp/game-news/e3-2003-psp-press-release/4356/3143/">"E3 2003: PSP Press Release"</a>. gamedaily.com. December 31, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamedaily.com/games/playstation-portable/psp/game-news/e3-2003-psp-press-release/4356/3143/">the original</a> on March 23, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080315222243/http://www.us.playstation.com/Support/PSP/Movies/default.html">"Support - PSP - Movies"</a>. "Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us.playstation.com/Support/PSP/Movies/default.html">the original</a> on March 15, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRoper2005" class="citation web cs1">Roper, Chris (March 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gear.ign.com/articles/599/599454p1.html">"Sony PSP vs. Nintendo DS"</a>. <i>IGN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080214222111/http://www.us.playstation.com/PSP/About/Multimedia">"PSP - About - Multimedia"</a>. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us.playstation.com/PSP/About/Multimedia">the original</a> on February 14, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manuals.playstation.net/document/en/ps3/current/remoteplay/remoteplay.html">"User's Guide - Remote Play"</a>. Sony Computer Entertainment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080315144612/http://www.us.playstation.com/Support/PSP/ConnectingToInternet/default.html">"Support - PSP - Connecting to the Internet"</a>. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us.playstation.com/Support/PSP/ConnectingToInternet/default.html">the original</a> on March 15, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-It_finally_happened_(official_blog)-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-It_finally_happened_(official_blog)_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301134532/http://www.open-pandora.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=177">"Official Blog: It finally happened!"</a>. OpenPandora. May 22, 2010. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-shipping-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shipping_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307234935/http://pandorapress.net/2010/05/21/first-shipping-emails-hit-inboxes/">First shipping emails hit inboxes</a>. <i>Pandora Press</i>. May 21, 2010.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gematsu.com/2018/09/ps-vita-production-to-end-in-2019-in-japan">"PS Vita production to end in 2019 in Japan - Gematsu"</a>. <i>Gematsu</i>. September 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gematsu.com/2019/03/ps-vita-production-ended-in-japan">"PS Vita production ended in Japan"</a>. March 2019.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2013" class="citation web cs1">Gilbert, Ben (July 31, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/31/nvidia-shield-review/">"NVIDIA Shield review"</a>. <a href="Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin" class="citation web cs1">Franklin, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reviews.cnet.com/consoles/nvidia-shield/4505-10109_7-35566996.html">"Nvidia Shield Review"</a>. Reviews.cnet.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLeadbetter2013" class="citation web cs1">Leadbetter, Richard (August 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/digitalfoundry-nvidia-shield-review">"Nvidia Shield review"</a>. Eurogamer.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-fisc_y20q2-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fisc_y20q2_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2019/191031e.pdf">"Consolidated Financial Highlights - Q2 FY2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>. October 31, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191031072855/https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2019/191031e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.analogue.co">"Analogue homepage"</a>. Analogue, Inc.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/valve-steam-deck">"Valve Steam Deck Review"</a>. <i>PCMAG</i>. April 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.steamdeck.com/en/tech">"Steam Deck :: Tech Specs"</a>. <i>Steam Deck</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ign_announce-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ign_announce_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2021" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Bo (July 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/steam-deck-hands-on-impressions-details-valve-handheld-gaming-pc">"Steam Deck: The First Hands-On With Valve's Handheld Gaming PC"</a>. <i><a href="IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-eg_specs-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eg_specs_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eg_specs_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2021" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Tom (July 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-07-15-valve-announces-steam-deck-a-gbp349-handheld-pc">"Valve announces Steam Deck, a £349 handheld PC"</a>. <i><a href="Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-techradar_more_specs-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-techradar_more_specs_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWeatherbed2021" class="citation web cs1">Weatherbed, Jess (July 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techradar.com/news/valve-claims-the-steam-deck-can-handle-any-game-you-throw-at-it-including-aaas">"Valve claims the Steam Deck can handle any game you throw at it, including AAAs"</a>. <i><a href="TechRadar" title="TechRadar">TechRadar</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLoeffler2021" class="citation web cs1">Loeffler, John (July 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techradar.com/news/steam-deck-gets-a-spec-update-and-its-good-news-for-gamers">"Steam Deck gets a spec update, and it's good news for gamers"</a>. <i><a href="TechRadar" title="TechRadar">TechRadar</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-verge_announce-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-verge_announce_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verge_announce_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2021" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Jay (July 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/15/22578783/valve-steam-deck-gaming-handheld-pc">"Valve's gaming handheld is called the Steam Deck and it's shipping in December"</a>. <i><a href="The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFYin-Poole2021" class="citation web cs1">Yin-Poole, Wesley (July 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-07-17-steam-deck-expected-order-availability-now-q1-2022-64gb-or-q2-2022-256gb-512gb">"Steam Deck expected order availability now Q1 2022 (64GB) and Q2 2022 (256GB/512GB)"</a>. <i><a href="Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2022" class="citation web cs1">Larabel, Michael (February 25, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=steam-deck-steamos-linux">"For Linux Enthusiasts Especially, The Steam Deck Is An Incredible & Fun Device"</a>. <i><a href="Phoronix" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoronix">Phoronix</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Handheld_game_consoles" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Handheld game consoles">Handheld game consoles</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Handheld_game_consoles399" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Handheld_game_consoles399" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Anbernic" title="Anbernic">Anbernic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Digi_Casse" title="Digi Casse">Digi Casse</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_Master_Senshi_Mangajukuu" class="mw-redirect" title="Design Master Senshi Mangajukuu">Design Master Senshi</a></li>

<li><a href="WonderSwan" title="WonderSwan">WonderSwan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Entex_Industries" title="Entex Industries">Entex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Entex_Select-A-Game" title="Entex Select-A-Game">Select-A-Game</a></li>

<li><a href="Entex_Adventure_Vision" title="Entex Adventure Vision">Adventure Vision</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Epoch_Co." title="Epoch Co.">Epoch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Epoch_Game_Pocket_Computer" title="Epoch Game Pocket Computer">Epoch Game Pocket Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Barcode_Battler" title="Barcode Battler">Barcode Battler</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="GamePad_Digital" title="GamePad Digital">GamePad Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Game_Park" title="Game Park">Game Park</a>/<a href="GamePark_Holdings" title="GamePark Holdings">Holdings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Caanoo" title="Caanoo">Caanoo</a></li></ul>

</p>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="LeapFrog_Enterprises" title="LeapFrog Enterprises">LeapFrog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Leapster" title="Leapster">Leapster</a></li>

<li><a href="Leapster_Explorer" title="Leapster Explorer">Leapster Explorer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Fisher-Price" title="Fisher-Price">Fisher-Price</a>/<a href="Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Children's_Discovery_System" title="Children's Discovery System">Children's Discovery System</a></li>

<li><a href="Pixter" title="Pixter">Pixter</a></li>

<li>iXL Learning System</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PC_Engine_LT" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Engine LT">PC Engine LT</a></li>

<li><a href="TurboExpress" title="TurboExpress">TurboExpress</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Game & Watch</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Computer_Mah-jong_Yakuman" title="Computer Mah-jong Yakuman">Computer Mah-jong Yakuman</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a>

<li><a href="Game_Boy_Micro" title="Game Boy Micro">Micro</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pok%C3%A9mon_Pikachu" title="Pokémon Pikachu">Pokémon Pikachu</a></li>

<li><a href="Pok%C3%A9mon_Mini" title="Pokémon Mini">Pokémon Mini</a></li>

<li><a href="Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a>

<li><a href="Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a>

<li><a href="Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Switch</a>

<li><a href="Nintendo_Switch_2" title="Nintendo Switch 2">Switch 2</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Genesis_Nomad" title="Genesis Nomad">Nomad</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Neo_Geo_Pocket" title="Neo Geo Pocket">Neo Geo Pocket</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PocketStation" title="PocketStation">PocketStation</a></li>

<li><a href="PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a></li>

<li><a href="PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tiger_Electronics" title="Tiger Electronics">Tiger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="VideoNow_XP" class="mw-redirect" title="VideoNow XP">VideoNow XP</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="VTech" title="VTech">VTech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="VTech_Variety" class="mw-redirect" title="VTech Variety">Variety</a></li>

<li><a href="VTech_3D_Gamate" class="mw-redirect" title="VTech 3D Gamate">3D Gamate</a></li>

<li>Pro Screen</li>

<li><a href="V.Smile_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="V.Smile Pocket">V.Smile Pocket</a></li>

<li>MobiGo</li>

<li><a href="VTech_PreComputer_1000" title="VTech PreComputer 1000">VTech PreComputer 1000</a></li>

<li><a href="VTech_PreComputer_2000" title="VTech PreComputer 2000">VTech PreComputer 2000</a></li>

<li>InnoTab</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other handheld consoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microvision" title="Microvision">Microvision</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Etch_A_Sketch_Animator_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Etch A Sketch Animator 2000">Etch A Sketch Animator 2000</a></li>

<li><a href="Palmtex_Portable_Videogame_System" title="Palmtex Portable Videogame System">Palmtex Portable Videogame System / Super Micro</a></li>

<li><a href="Romtec_Colorvision" title="Romtec Colorvision">Romtec Colorvision</a></li>

<li><a href="Atari_Lynx" title="Atari Lynx">Atari Lynx</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Game_Master_(console)" title="Game Master (console)">Game Master</a></li>

<li><a href="Gamate" title="Gamate">Gamate</a></li>

<li><a href="Watara_Supervision" title="Watara Supervision">Watara Supervision</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tapwave_Zodiac" title="Tapwave Zodiac">Tapwave Zodiac</a></li>

<li><a href="GameKing" title="GameKing">GameKing</a></li>

<li><a href="Gizmondo" title="Gizmondo">Gizmondo</a></li>

<li><a href="Dingoo" title="Dingoo">Dingoo</a></li>

<li>Nikko digiBLAST</li>

<li><a href="Cybiko" title="Cybiko">Cybiko</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pandora_(computer)" title="Pandora (computer)">Pandora</a></li>

<li><a href="Arduboy" title="Arduboy">Arduboy</a></li>

<li><a href="JXD" title="JXD">JXD devices</a></li>

<li><a href="Nvidia_Shield_Portable" title="Nvidia Shield Portable">Nvidia Shield Portable</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Gadget" title="Game Gadget">Game Gadget</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Analogue_Pocket" title="Analogue Pocket">Analogue Pocket</a></li>

<li><a href="Evercade" title="Evercade">Evercade</a></li>

<li><a href="Playdate_(console)" title="Playdate (console)">Playdate</a></li>

<li><a href="Retroid_Pocket_2" title="Retroid Pocket 2">Retroid Pocket 2</a></li>

<li>Retroid Pocket 3</li>

<li>Retroid Pocket 4</li>

<li>Retroid Pocket 5</li>

<li><a href="Thumby_(game_console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumby (game console)">Thumby</a></li>

<li><a href="Steam_Deck" title="Steam Deck">Steam Deck</a></li>

<li><a href="Ayaneo" title="Ayaneo">Ayaneo</a></li>

<li><a href="Lenovo_Legion_Go" title="Lenovo Legion Go">Lenovo Legion Go</a></li>

<li>Logitec G Cloud</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">Early units</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_consoles332" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Video_game_consoles332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form factor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_console#Hybrid_video_game_console" title="Video game console">Hybrid video game console</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functionality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dedicated_console" title="Dedicated console">Dedicated console</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_console#Retro_style_console" title="Video game console">Retro style console</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Home_video_game_console_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Home video game console generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">First (1972–1980)</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second (1976–1992)</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third (1983–2003)</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth (1987–2003)</a></li>

<li><a href="Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth (1993–2006)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth (1998–2013)</a></li>

<li><a href="Seventh_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Seventh generation of video game consoles">Seventh (2005–2017)</a></li>

<li><a href="Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">Eighth (2012–present)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Ninth generation of video game consoles">Ninth (2020–present)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_dedicated_video_game_consoles" title="List of dedicated video game consoles">Dedicated video game consoles</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">Handheld game consoles</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">Home video game consoles</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_microconsoles" title="List of microconsoles">Microconsoles</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_retro_style_video_game_consoles" title="List of retro style video game consoles">Retro style video game consoles</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Emulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Online_console_gaming" title="Online console gaming">Services</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_video_game_consoles" title="History of video game consoles">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Console_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Console manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_games_by_platform23" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Video_games_by_platform23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Video games by platform</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware <br> platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade</a></li>

<li><a href="Console_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Console game">Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Mobile</a></li>

<li><a href="PC_game" title="PC game">Personal computer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br> technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Browser_game" title="Browser game">Browser</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_gaming" title="Cloud gaming">Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Emulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Geolocation-based_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Geolocation-based video game">Geolocation-based</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Massively_multiplayer_online_first-person_shooter" title="Massively multiplayer online first-person shooter">MMOFPS</a></li>

<li><a href="Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a></li>

<li><a href="Massively_multiplayer_online_real-time_strategy_game" title="Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game">MMORTS</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_network_game" title="Social network game">Social network</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer_sizes_and_classes279" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Computer_sizes_and_classes279" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_computer_size_categories" title="List of computer size categories">Computer sizes</a> and <a href="Classes_of_computers" title="Classes of computers">classes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">Micro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Static</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_appliance" title="Computer appliance">Appliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">Arcade cabinet</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskless_node" title="Diskless node">Diskless node</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_appliance" title="Internet appliance">Internet appliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent terminal">Intelligent terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactive_kiosk" title="Interactive kiosk">Interactive kiosk</a></li>

<li><a href="Rich_client" title="Rich client">Rich client</a></li>

<li><a href="Simulator_ride" title="Simulator ride">Simulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_speaker" title="Smart speaker">Smart speaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">Smart TV</a></li>

<li><a href="Thin_client" title="Thin client">Thin client</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game console</a>

<ul><li><a href="Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home console</a></li>

<li><a href="Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gaming_computer" title="Gaming computer">Gaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_PC" title="Industrial PC">Industrial</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Personal_supercomputer" title="Personal supercomputer">Personal super</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_computer" title="Public computer">Public</a></li>

<li><a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a>

<ul><li><a href="Home_server" title="Home server">Home server</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Workstation" title="Workstation">Workstation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Panel_PC" title="Panel PC">Panel</a></li>

<li><a href="Table_computer" title="Table computer">Tabletop</a></li>

<li><a href="Surface_computer" title="Surface computer">Surface</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">Desktop</a>

<ul><li><a href="Deskside_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Deskside computer">Deskside</a></li>

<li><a href="Pizza-box_form_factor" title="Pizza-box form factor">Pizza box</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_tower" title="Computer tower">Tower</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">Portable</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_form_factor_PC" title="Small form factor PC">Small form factor</a>

<li><a href="Stick_PC" title="Stick PC">Stick PC</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Blade_server" title="Blade server">Blade server</a></li>

<li><a href="Blade_PC" title="Blade PC">Blade PC</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_computing" title="Mobile computing">Mobile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Laptop" title="Laptop">Laptop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2-in-1_laptop#2-in-1_convertible" title="2-in-1 laptop">Convertible</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cloudbook" title="Cloudbook">Cloudbook</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_workstation" title="Mobile workstation">Mobile workstation</a></li>

<li><a href="Notebook_computer" title="Notebook computer">Notebook</a></li>

<li><a href="Subnotebook" title="Subnotebook">Subnotebook</a>

<ul><li><a href="Netbook" title="Netbook">Netbook</a></li>

<li><a href="Smartbook" title="Smartbook">Smartbook</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2-in-1_laptop#2-in-1_detachable" title="2-in-1 laptop">Detachable</a></li>

<li><a href="Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Handheld</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electronic_organizer" title="Electronic organizer">Electronic organizer</a></li>

<li><a href="E-reader" title="E-reader">E-reader</a></li>

<li><a href="Handheld_PC" title="Handheld PC">Handheld PC</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_data_terminal" title="Mobile data terminal">Mobile data terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phone</a>

<ul><li><a href="Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera</a></li>

<li><a href="Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature</a></li>

<li><a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a>

<ul><li><a href="Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Foldable</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Palmtop_PC" title="Palmtop PC">Palmtop PC</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">Personal digital assistant</a></li>

<li><a href="Pocket_computer" title="Pocket computer">Pocket</a></li>

<li><a href="Portable_data_terminal" title="Portable data terminal">Portable data terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">Portable media player</a></li>

<li><a href="Siftable" title="Siftable">Siftable</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultra-mobile_PC" title="Ultra-mobile PC">Ultra-mobile PC</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Calculator" title="Calculator">Calculator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Graphing_calculator" title="Graphing calculator">Graphing</a></li>

<li><a href="Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">Programmable</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_calculator" title="Scientific calculator">Scientific</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fitness_tracker" title="Fitness tracker">Fitness tracker</a>

<ul><li><a href="Smart_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart band">Smart band</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Watch#Digital" title="Watch">Digital wristwatch</a>

<ul><li><a href="Calculator_watch" title="Calculator watch">Calculator watch</a></li>

<li><a href="Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li>

<li><a href="GPS_watch" title="GPS watch">Sportwatch</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smartglasses</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_ring" title="Smart ring">Smart ring</a></li></ul>

<li><a href="Superminicomputer" title="Superminicomputer">Supermini</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">Mainframe</a></li>

<li><a href="Minisupercomputer" title="Minisupercomputer">Minisuper</a></li>

<li><a href="Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">Super</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded system</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_appliance" title="Information appliance">Information appliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a></li>

<li><a href="Rugged_computer" title="Rugged computer">Rugged</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rugged_smartphone" title="Rugged smartphone">Rugged smartphone</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Single-board_computer" title="Single-board computer">Single-board</a>

<ul><li><a href="Computer-on-module" title="Computer-on-module">Computer-on-module</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Smartdust" title="Smartdust">Smartdust</a></li>

<li><a href="Wireless_sensor_network" title="Wireless sensor network">Wireless sensor network</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-02" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Handheld_game_console&oldid=1303833140">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>